Mileage Rate Deductions

The IRS standard business mileage rate for 2018 is 54.5 cents a mile
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The rate for medical expense and moving expense for certain military personnel deductions is 18 cents a mile.

For charitable volunteers the mileage rate is unchanged at 14 cents a mile.

In 2015, the standard mileage rates for the use of a car, van, pickup or panel truck is 57.5 cents per mile for business use, 23 cents a mile for medical or moving purposes and 14 cents per mile driven in service of charitable organizations.

Beginning on January 1, 2017, the standard mileage rates for the use of a car (also vans, pickups or panel trucks) will be 53.5 cents per mile for business miles driven, 17 cents per mile driven for medical or moving purposes, 14 cents per mile driven in service of charitable organizations. Taxpayers always have the option of calculating the actual costs of using their vehicle rather than using the standard mileage rates. A taxpayer may not use the business standard mileage rate for a vehicle after using any depreciation method under the Modified Accelerated Cost Recovery System (MACRS) or after claiming a Section 179 deduction for that vehicle.

In 2016, the standard mileage rates for the use of a car, van, pickup or panel truck is 54 cents per mile for business use, 19 cents a mile for medical or moving purposes and 14 cents per mile driven in service of charitable organizations.

Beginning on January 1, 2014, the standard mileage rates for the use of a car (also vans, pickups or panel trucks) will be: 56 cents per mile for business miles driven, 23.5 cents per mile driven for medical or moving purposes, 14 cents per mile driven in service of charitable organizations.
The business, medical, and moving expense rates decrease one-half cent from the 2013 rates. The charitable rate is based on statute.
Taxpayers always have the option of calculating the actual costs of using their vehicle rather than using the standard mileage rates.
A taxpayer may not use the business standard mileage rate for a vehicle after using any depreciation method under the Modified Accelerated Cost Recovery System (MACRS) or after claiming a Section 179 deduction for that vehicle. .

No. The choice of the actual expense method on the first year will bar the use of the standard mileage method ion subsequent years. If you use the standard mileage method in the first year then you can use the actual expense method in future years.

IRS publication 4636 deals with Travel, Entertainment and Car Expenses.